Delta Hedging: Meaning, Strategy, Example And Benefits

Key Takeaways

• Delta hedging keeps your options safer from tiny up-and-down moves in the stock price.
   
• Traders stay balanced by buying or selling the right number of actual shares against their options.
   
• You have to keep fixing the hedge often since delta shifts every time the price changes or time ticks by.

Bonus Tip: Ever heard how huge delta hedging from market makers can kick off gamma squeezes? It drives stock prices way up fast, just like in those wild meme stock runs. Studies show these events gave stocks an average extra return over 5% in the following month.

One small price move can quietly turn a good options trade into a loss. Ajay was trading options on a stock. He saw how fast prices can jump. Even tiny moves hurt his option value. To cut that short-term pain, he balanced his option trade by using the stock. He bought or sold shares. This way, the option swings did not hit him too hard. This balancing act is called delta hedging.

What Is Delta Hedging?

Delta hedging makes your option position less shaky from small stock price changes. You take an opposite spot in the stock. This brings the total delta close to zero. Delta just shows how much the option price shifts when the stock moves one rupee.

Delta Hedging Formula: 

Equivalent Shares = Option Delta × Number of Contracts × Contract Size

To hedge, do the opposite with shares:

Shares to Buy or Sell = − (Equivalent Shares from Option Position)

This basic delta hedging formula is what traders rely on daily. 

How Delta Hedging Works

Delta hedging goes like this in easy steps.

1. Check the option’s delta.
2. Multiply it by contracts and contract size. You get equivalent shares.
3. Buy or sell the opposite shares to cancel that exposure.

Positive delta on the option? Usually sell shares to hedge. Negative delta? Usually buy shares. Delta never sits still. It moves with stock price, time passing, or shifts in how people see volatility. You have to tweak the hedge often. Traders call that tweak rebalancing.

Delta shifts more quickly near the strike price or near expiry. Gamma measures that quick shift. High gamma means more frequent rebalancing. Sometimes, traders add delta gamma hedging to handle both delta risk and how fast delta changes. This is part of more advanced delta hedging strategies used by active traders.

Market makers deal with big option books. They hedge delta every day to stay steady. In late 2025, huge option expiries caused heavy hedging. That pushed stock prices in volatile areas like tech. To manage this at scale, many firms use delta hedging software that automatically tracks delta and adjusts positions.

Example Calculation of Delta Hedging

Look at Ajay again. He trades options and wants a hedge. Say each contract covers 100 shares. That’s normal in many places.

Example with a Call Option

Ajay buys one call.

• Call delta = 0.60
• Contract size = 100 shares

Equivalent shares = 0.60 × 100 = 60 shares

Ajay sells 60 shares to hedge. Stock goes up ₹1? Call gains about ₹60. Short shares lose about ₹60. They cancel for small moves.

Example with a Put Option

Ajay buys one put.

• Put delta = −0.40
• Contract size = 100 shares

Equivalent shares = −0.40 × 100 = −40 shares

Ajay buys 40 shares to hedge. Stock drops ₹1? Put gains about ₹40. Shares lose about ₹40. Net stays small.
 

These assume Ajay buys options. If he sells them, delta sign flips. Hedge direction changes too. In real trading, many professionals also look for optimal delta hedging for options, where they balance risk, cost, and how often they rebalance. Some even use delta hedging software to automate this process.

Benefits vs Limitations of Delta Hedging

To understand delta hedging properly, you should see both its advantages and its drawbacks side by side.