RBI Urges Banks to Integrate DoT’s Financial Fraud Risk Indicator System

Mobile Numbers Now Carry Fraud Risk Tags, Just Like Credit Scores

Most people never expected their phone numbers would someday carry a reputation score. But now, every mobile number linked to suspicious financial activity can quietly ruin a transaction or block a payment. 

On June 30, 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) issued an advisory asking all Indian banks to urgently connect their systems with the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) Financial Fraud Risk Indicator (FRI). This is described as a strong attempt to slow down digital fraud nationwide.

The advisory followed the introduction of the FRI system by the DoT’s Digital Intelligence Unit in May 2025. Based on past misuse or cybercrime reports, this system assigns a fraud risk level to mobile numbers: Medium, High, or Very High. The aim is to help banks, digital wallets, and financial apps identify whether a phone number used in any transaction is safe.

Why Mobile Numbers Are Getting Flagged?

Until now, phone numbers have been used mainly for sending OTPs and transaction alerts. However, cybercrime complaints have made it necessary to look deeper. Mobile numbers are now part of digital identity checks. 

The FRI system uses data from the National Cybercrime Reporting Portal (NCRP), the DoT’s Chakshu system, and inputs shared by banks and fintech platforms.

If a phone number has been linked with scam attempts, phishing, identity theft or any unusual activity, the system marks it as risky. The feedback travels through the Digital Intelligence Platform (DIP), a secure layer between DoT and financial institutions.

The DoT has also updated the Mobile Number Revocation List (MNRL), a database of numbers deactivated due to cybercrime or fake KYC. 

These numbers are entirely blocked from new telecom activity and flagged to all banks using FRI.

RBI’s Push: What the Advisory Says

The RBI issued the circular to all Scheduled Commercial Banks, Payments Banks, Co-operative Banks, and Small Finance Banks. The advisory said banks must “integrate with the FRI system immediately and use the risk tags while processing transactions.” 

The RBI warned that failure to do so might expose customers to preventable fraud.

According to data shared by the DoT, as of July 2025, the following major institutions have already completed integration:

UPI platforms like PhonePe and Paytm automatically check the mobile number involved in every payment. The transaction may not go through if the number is tagged as High or Very High risk.

The Problem FRI Tries to Solve

Cybercrime cases involving UPI scams, phishing calls, and loan app frauds have grown sharply. In 2023, nearly 1.8 lakh digital fraud complaints were registered on NCRP, and over 2.4 lakh mobile numbers were linked to these complaints. 

The problem is not just about numbers; it involves stolen identities, deepfake voices, and cloned payment links.

A joint report by the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (released in March 2024) showed that nearly 36% of financial scams were linked to phone-based fraud. 

Read More – The Role of RBI and NPCI in Safeguarding India's Financial Infrastructure

Another analysis by the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) showed that one fraudulent mobile number can affect 300–400 people before it is detected and blocked.

To manage this, the FRI system does not rely on manual reviews. It uses automated risk tagging based on shared intelligence across banks and government bodies.

Here’s how the FRI risk labels appear:

What Happens If Banks Don’t Use It

RBI has not yet set penalties, but it has clarified that banks must treat FRI integration as part of their fraud detection responsibility. According to DoT sources, some smaller banks and regional institutions are still in the testing phase.

The Digital Intelligence Unit is helping with workshops and integration toolkits. A performance dashboard will soon show the number of frauds prevented by using FRI tagging.

Looking ahead, DoT is exploring how this system can also help detect fake caller IDs, deactivate telecom connections linked with spyware apps, and improve credit fraud tracing.

Conclusion 

Users don’t see the FRI tags attached to their mobile numbers for now, but the results show up in blocked or failed payments. The system is still young, and some errors are possible. A genuine number might be wrongly flagged based on complaints or mass reporting.

The RBI’s advisory has started a major shift in handling digital safety. By making mobile numbers carry accountability, it hopes to slow the spread of fraud and rebuild trust in India’s growing digital economy.

The success of this move will depend on how quickly banks adapt, how carefully the data is reviewed, and how transparently the risks are managed in the months ahead.
 

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